Hi,
I have been a member for a little while, but have never posted. I am sure there will be some controversy over this, but here it is.
I have made damascus with a knife maker a couple of times and they way he showed me was with muriatic acid. It can be found at any hardware store.
I have done three etches with it and the results are very good.
1. straight acid in a glass jar or beaker that is big enough to hold your blade.
2. the acid needs to be heated in a double boiler to somewhere around 110 deg F. I use a metal coffee can for the water, a small camping propane burner to heat the water, and then a quart mason jar for the acid. You must do this outside and stay out of the fumes. They are not good by any means.
3. when the acid is warm, put your blade (cleaned with rubbing alcohol) clamped with vice grips (on the end) and move the blade spine to edge in the jar. Lightly tap the glass with the blade as you are doing this to knock the bubbles off the metal. Do this for about 45 to 60 seconds and then neutralize in baking soda and water for a couple of seconds. Wipe down.
4. take the blade to the buffer with small amount of rouge and do a quick buff to take the oxidation off. Clean with alcohol again to get the rouge off and return to the acid.
5. repeat these steps until you see the etch you like. I usually go 4 to 5 times.
The main key is the heated acid, but be careful. Like I said the fumes will get to you quick!!!!